Building for Debian
Contents
Introduction
Ultibo core is currently made available as a Windows installer download as well as various Windows tools, however there is nothing specific about the source code or modifications to Free Pascal that are dependent on Windows and some may choose to use it on other platforms such as Linux or Mac. While we are currently unable to provide prepackaged installations for Linux in the form of DEB or RPM files we have created a set of instructions for building the necessary items from source in order to provide similar functionality to the Windows platform.
Please note that because these instructions require you to build all of the components from source and possibly install additional packages onto your Linux installation you should be familiar with using the command line and confident with the tools available. These instructions are fully tested and proven to work, however we cannot provide support for individual cases if you experience issues in completing the steps below.
Prerequisites
The instructions below detail the process of building the modified Free Pascal compiler, the Free Pascal ARM cross compiler and the Ultibo RTL in order to create a working configuration that allows developing Ultibo applications.
This process was tested and developed using Debian Wheezy 7.6 for i386 with Linux kernel version 3.2.0 however the requirements for FreePascal are relatively simple so these instructions should work without much change on later versions of Debian (eg Jessie) and should also be able to be translated easily to many other distributions.
In order to avoid any conflict with official FPC releases these instructions install all components into a folder within your home directory, if you follow these instructions the Ultibo version of Free Pascal as well as the RTL and sources will be located in the $HOME/ultibo/core folder so if your username is john then the installation will be at /home/john/ultibo/core.
Compiling the Ultibo edition of Free Pascal requires using the official 3.0.0 release version as the starting point, these instructions will NOT work if you start with version 2.6.4 or any other version. Fortunately the FPC team provide a precompiled download of FPC 3.0.0 which can be obtained from the download page and installed using the provided instructions.
If you prefer not to install the official 3.0.0 release (you may have other projects that depend on an earlier version for example) then you can get a fully working installation of Free Pascal 3.0.0 by following the instructions at GetLazarus.org which will by default install a working copy in the folder $HOME/Development/FreePascal that can be deleted later if you choose.
Building Free Pascal (Ultibo Edition)
Assuming you have a working FPC 3.0.0 installation as discussed above, you can now proceed with the first stage of the process which is to build a Debian native version of the Ultibo edition of FPC.
These instructions assume that FPC 3.0.0 from the official download was installed to:
/usr/local/bin/fpc
If you are using the GetLazarus.org version instead then you will need to temporarily add it to the path so it is used in preference to any official version, by default you can do something like this to add the appropriate folder to the path temporarily:
export PATH=$HOME/Development/FreePascal/fpc/bin:$PATH
You should now download the sources of the FPC Ultibo edition from GitHub and unzip the contents to the folder:
$HOME/ultibo/core
After extracting the files rename the folder FPC-master to fpc so the contents of the zip will be in $HOME/ultibo/core/fpc
Now download the source of Ultibo core from GitHub and extract the ultibo folder to the location:
$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/source/rtl
Once this is done, open a terminal window and change to the folder containing the Ultibo sources:
cd $HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/source
Do the following steps in order, checking that each was completed successfully before continuing:
make distclean
make all OS_TARGET=linux CPU_TARGET=i386
make install OS_TARGET=linux CPU_TARGET=i386 INSTALL_PREFIX=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc
Once those steps have completed you should now have a Debian native version of the FPC Ultibo edition. Copy it to the bin directory as follows so we can find it later:
cp $HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/source/compiler/ppc386 $HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/ppc386
Run the following to check that it shows as version 3.1.1 and lists ultibo under the supported targets.
$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/fpc -i
Use fpcmkcfg to create our default configuration file like this:
$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/fpcmkcfg -d basepath=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/lib/fpc/3.1.1 -o $HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/fpc.cfg
Installing the arm-none-eabi Toolchain
A toolchain that provides various utilities for the ARM embedded development is needed so that applications can be cross compiled from i386 linux to ARM. There are many different options available but for the purpose of Ultibo we need a toolchain that is built for arm-none-eabi and the one shown below is known to work correctly.
Download the file gcc-arm-none-eabi-5_4-2016q2-20160622-linux.tar.bz2 from launchpad.net and save it to a temporary location.
Extract the contents of the file to the folder $HOME/gcc-arm-none-eabi-5_4-2016q2 and then run the following commands from a terminal window:
cp $HOME/gcc-arm-none-eabi-5_4-2016q2/arm-none-eabi/bin/as $HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/arm-ultibo-as cp $HOME/gcc-arm-none-eabi-5_4-2016q2/arm-none-eabi/bin/ld $HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/arm-ultibo-ld cp $HOME/gcc-arm-none-eabi-5_4-2016q2/arm-none-eabi/bin/objcopy $HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/arm-ultibo-objcopy cp $HOME/gcc-arm-none-eabi-5_4-2016q2/arm-none-eabi/bin/objdump $HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/arm-ultibo-objdump cp $HOME/gcc-arm-none-eabi-5_4-2016q2/arm-none-eabi/bin/strip $HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/arm-ultibo-strip
If you like you can now delete the extracted folder because none of the other files it contains are needed for Ultibo.
Building the FPC ARM Cross Compiler
Now we need to build a cross compiler that runs under Linux on i386 but outputs code for Ultibo on ARM, this will be the copy of the compiler that we use to build Ultibo applications but we need to use the native compiler we created above to build this one first.
Open a new terminal window (NOT the one you used above !!) and change to the source folder
cd $HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/source
Export the path to our FPC 3.1.1 Ultibo edition:
export PATH=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin:$PATH
Build the ARM cross compiler using these commands, make sure you check that each step was successful before continuing:
make distclean OS_TARGET=ultibo CPU_TARGET=arm SUBARCH=armv7a BINUTILSPREFIX=arm-ultibo- CROSSOPT="-CpARMV7A -CfVFPV3 -CIARM -OoFASTMATH" FPC=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/ppc386
make all OS_TARGET=ultibo CPU_TARGET=arm SUBARCH=armv7a BINUTILSPREFIX=arm-ultibo- CROSSOPT="-CpARMV7A -CfVFPV3 -CIARM -OoFASTMATH" FPC=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/ppc386
make crossinstall BINUTILSPREFIX=arm-ultibo- CROSSOPT="-CpARMV7A -CfVFPV3 -CIARM -OoFASTMATH" OS_TARGET=ultibo CPU_TARGET=arm SUBARCH=armv7a FPC=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/ppc386 INSTALL_PREFIX=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc
Now copy our cross compiler to the bin directory as follows so we can find it later:
cp $HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/source/compiler/ppcrossarm $HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/ppcrossarm
Building the Ultibo RTL
The Ultibo RTL comes in 2 versions, one for ARMv6 which works on the Raspberry Pi A/B/A+/B+/Zero and another for ARMv7 which only works on Raspberry Pi 2B and 3B. These instructions allow for both to exist in different folders so you can have both versions available. If you choose not to build one or the other simply skip the relevant steps, you will need to perform this process each time you download an updated copy of the Ultibo RTL.
Ultibo RTL for ARMv7
Open a new terminal window (Better NOT to continue with the one you used earlier) and change to the source folder
cd $HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/source
Export the path to our FPC 3.1.1 Ultibo edition:
export PATH=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin:$PATH
Build the ARMv7 RTL as follows, checking that each step was successful before continuing:
make rtl_clean CROSSINSTALL=1 OS_TARGET=ultibo CPU_TARGET=arm SUBARCH=armv7a FPCFPMAKE=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/fpc CROSSOPT="-CpARMV7A -CfVFPV3 -CIARM -OoFASTMATH" FPC=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/fpc
make rtl OS_TARGET=ultibo CPU_TARGET=arm SUBARCH=armv7a FPCFPMAKE=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/fpc CROSSOPT="-CpARMV7A -CfVFPV3 -CIARM -OoFASTMATH" FPC=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/fpc
make rtl_install CROSSINSTALL=1 FPCFPMAKE=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/fpc CROSSOPT="-CpARMV7A -CfVFPV3 -CIARM -OoFASTMATH" OS_TARGET=ultibo CPU_TARGET=arm SUBARCH=armv7a FPC=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/fpc INSTALL_PREFIX=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc INSTALL_UNITDIR=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/units/armv7-ultibo/rtl
Packages for ARMv7
Open a new terminal or continue with the one used to build the RTL, change to the source folder and ensure the path is updated:
cd $HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/source
export PATH=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin:$PATH
Build the ARMv7 Packages using the following commands:
make rtl_clean CROSSINSTALL=1 OS_TARGET=ultibo CPU_TARGET=arm SUBARCH=armv7a FPCFPMAKE=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/fpc CROSSOPT="-CpARMV7A -CfVFPV3 -CIARM -OoFASTMATH" FPC=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/fpc
make packages_clean CROSSINSTALL=1 OS_TARGET=ultibo CPU_TARGET=arm SUBARCH=armv7a FPCFPMAKE=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/fpc CROSSOPT="-CpARMV7A -CfVFPV3 -CIARM -OoFASTMATH" FPC=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/fpc
make packages OS_TARGET=ultibo CPU_TARGET=arm SUBARCH=armv7a FPCFPMAKE=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/fpc CROSSOPT="-CpARMV7A -CfVFPV3 -CIARM -OoFASTMATH -Fu$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/units/armv7-ultibo/rtl" FPC=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/fpc
make packages_install CROSSINSTALL=1 FPCFPMAKE=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/fpc CROSSOPT="-CpARMV7A -CfVFPV3 -CIARM -OoFASTMATH" OS_TARGET=ultibo CPU_TARGET=arm SUBARCH=armv7a FPC=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/fpc INSTALL_PREFIX=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc INSTALL_UNITDIR=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/units/armv7-ultibo/packages
Ultibo RTL for ARMv6
The process for the ARMv6 RTL is very similar but there are many differences in the parameters, careful you don't use the wrong ones.
Open a new terminal window and change to the source folder
cd $HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/source
Export the path to our FPC 3.1.1 Ultibo edition:
export PATH=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin:$PATH
Build the ARMv6 RTL as follows, checking that each step was successful before continuing:
make rtl_clean CROSSINSTALL=1 OS_TARGET=ultibo CPU_TARGET=arm SUBARCH=armv6 FPCFPMAKE=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/fpc CROSSOPT="-CpARMV6 -CfVFPV2 -CIARM -OoFASTMATH" FPC=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/fpc
make rtl OS_TARGET=ultibo CPU_TARGET=arm SUBARCH=armv6 FPCFPMAKE=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/fpc CROSSOPT="-CpARMV6 -CfVFPV2 -CIARM -OoFASTMATH" FPC=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/fpc
make rtl_install CROSSINSTALL=1 FPCFPMAKE=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/fpc CROSSOPT="-CpARMV6 -CfVFPV2 -CIARM -OoFASTMATH" OS_TARGET=ultibo CPU_TARGET=arm SUBARCH=armv6 FPC=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/fpc INSTALL_PREFIX=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc INSTALL_UNITDIR=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/units/armv6-ultibo/rtl
Packages for ARMv6
Open a new terminal or continue with the one used to build the RTL, change to the source folder and ensure the path is updated:
cd $HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/source
export PATH=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin:$PATH
Build the ARMv6 Packages as follows:
make rtl_clean CROSSINSTALL=1 OS_TARGET=ultibo CPU_TARGET=arm SUBARCH=armv6 FPCFPMAKE=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/fpc CROSSOPT="-CpARMV6 -CfVFPV2 -CIARM -OoFASTMATH" FPC=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/fpc
make packages_clean CROSSINSTALL=1 OS_TARGET=ultibo CPU_TARGET=arm SUBARCH=armv6 FPCFPMAKE=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/fpc CROSSOPT="-CpARMV6 -CfVFPV2 -CIARM -OoFASTMATH" FPC=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/fpc
make packages OS_TARGET=ultibo CPU_TARGET=arm SUBARCH=armv6 FPCFPMAKE=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/fpc CROSSOPT="-CpARMV6 -CfVFPV2 -CIARM -OoFASTMATH -Fu$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/units/armv6-ultibo/rtl" FPC=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/fpc
make packages_install CROSSINSTALL=1 FPCFPMAKE=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/fpc CROSSOPT="-CpARMV6 -CfVFPV2 -CIARM -OoFASTMATH" OS_TARGET=ultibo CPU_TARGET=arm SUBARCH=armv6 FPC=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/fpc INSTALL_PREFIX=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc INSTALL_UNITDIR=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/units/armv6-ultibo/packages
Creating the Configuration files
To allow switching between ARMv6 and ARMv7 the Ultibo installation includes configuration files that are passed to FPC to specify certain parameters for each model, you can easily create these for Debian as well like this.
Open a terminal window and change to the location where FPC Ultibo edition is installed:
cd $HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin
Create a new rpi.cfg file:
nano rpi.cfg
And paste these lines into the file:
# # Raspberry Pi (A/B/A+/B+/Zero) specific config file # -CfVFPV2 -CIARM -OoFASTMATH -Fu$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/units/armv6-ultibo/rtl -Fu$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/units/armv6-ultibo/packages
Save the file and do the same for the rpi2.cfg and rpi3.cfg files:
Contents of rpi2.cfg
# # Raspberry Pi 2B specific config file # -CfVFPV3 -CIARM -OoFASTMATH -Fu$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/units/armv7-ultibo/rtl -Fu$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/units/armv7-ultibo/packages
Contents of rpi3.cfg
# # Raspberry Pi 3B specific config file # -CfVFPV3 -CIARM -OoFASTMATH -Fu$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/units/armv7-ultibo/rtl -Fu$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/units/armv7-ultibo/packages
Compiling an Application
Compiling an application from the command line is quite simple, you just need to remember some extra parameters because of the different environment. To compile something like the Hello World example open a terminal window, change to the folder where the application is located and add the path to FPC 3.1.1 Ultibo edition like this:
export PATH=$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin:$PATH
Then compile the application using this command:
fpc -B -Tultibo -Parm -CpARMV7A -WpRPI2B @$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/rpi2.cfg -O2 HelloWorld.lpr
This example is for a Raspberry Pi 2B but can easily be adjusted for any other model by changing the appropriate parameters, so to compile for Raspberry Pi B instead try this:
fpc -B -Tultibo -Parm -CpARMV6 -WpRPIB @$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/rpi.cfg -O2 HelloWorld.lpr
Or for a Raspberry Pi 3B use this one:
fpc -B -Tultibo -Parm -CpARMV7A -WpRPI3B @$HOME/ultibo/core/fpc/bin/rpi3.cfg -O2 HelloWorld.lpr
