Unit BCM2708

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Description

This unit provides the BCM2708 specific implementations of the following devices:

  • SPI0
  • I2C0
  • I2C1
  • SPI1
  • SPI2
  • I2C Slave
  • SPI Slave
  • DMA
  • PWM0
  • PWM1
  • PCM
  • GPIO
  • UART0
  • UART1
  • SDHCI (eMMC)
  • Clock
  • ARM Timer
  • Random
  • Mailbox
  • Watchdog
  • Framebuffer
  • MIPI CSI-2 (Camera Serial Interface)
  • DSI (Display Serial Interface)

BCM2708 SPI0 Device

The BCM2708 has a single master mode SPI controller that supports 3 wire, 2 wire and LoSSI modes of operation. It also has 2 auxiliary SPI masters which do not support DMA mode (see SPI1/2 below).

The main SPI0 controller supports polled, interrupt and DMA modes and includes 3 chip selects although only CS0 and 1 are available on the 26 or 40 pin header.

By default SPI0 can appear on GPIO pins 7 to 11 (CS1, CS0, MISO, MOSI, SCLK) using alternate function 0 or on GPIO pins 35 to 39 (CS1, CS0, MISO, MOSI, SCLK) using alternate function 0, only pins 7 to 11 are available on the header.

BCM2708 I2C0/1 Device

The BCM2708 has 3 Broadcom Serial Controller (BSC) devices which are fast mode (400Kz) masters numbered BSC0, BSC1 and BSC2.

Device BSC2 is dedicated to the HDMI interface and is not availale for use by the ARM processor. All BSC devices contain a 16 byte FIFO, support 7 bit and 10 bit addressing and have software configurable clock timing.

By default BSC0 can appear on GPIO pins 0 and 1 (Alternate function 0), 28 and 29 (Alternate function 0) or 44 and 45 (Alternate function 1). Unfortunately on all except the Revision 1 models none of these pins are available on the 26 or 40 pin header.

Note: On the Raspberry Pi A+/B+/Zero/2B/3B the ID EEPROM pins on the 40 pin header are actually connected to GPIO 0 and 1 (BSC0)

Device BSC1 can appear on GPIO pins 2 and 3 (Alternate function 0) or 44 and 45 (Alternate function 2) but only pins 2 and 3 are exposed on the 26 or 40 pin header.

BCM2708 SPI1/2 Device

The BCM2708 has 2 additional SPI universal masters available as part of the AUX device which support interrupt mode but not DMA and therefore only allow limited bandwidth transfers due to the CPU overhead required to sustain high data rates.

Both devices support 3 chip selects, by default SPI1 is available on GPIO pins 16 to 21 (CS2, CS1, CS0, MISO, MOSI, SCLK) using alternate function 4 and SPI2 is available on GPIO pins 40 to 45 (MISO, MOSI, SCLK, CS0, CS1, CS2) using alternate function 4. Only pins 16 to 21 are available on the header and only on the 40 pin header of the Raspberry Pi A+/B+/Zero/2B/3B.

BCM2708 DMA Device

The DMA controller has 16 channels in total although not all are available for software to use as some are already used by the GPU.

The firmware will pass the value dma.dmachans on the command line which will indicate which channels are available for our use.

Channels 0 to 6 are normal channels which support 2D stride and transfers up to 1GB per control block

Channels 7 to 14 are Lite channels which do not support stride and only allow transfers up to 64KB per control block

Channel 15 is not mentioned in most documentation and is shown as not available in the mask passed in dma.dmachans

Channel 0 and 15 are Bulk channels which have an additional FIFO for faster transfers (8 beat burst per read)

BCM2708 PWM0/1 Device

The BCM2708 has a single PWM controller with 2 independent output bit streams with multiple algorithms for generating the output pulse. The PWM controller supports either a single data register (independent per channel) or a 16 x 32 FIFO which also supports DMA mode transmission.

On the Raspberry Pi PWM0 and PWM1 are also connected via GPIO pins 40 and 45 (40 and 41 on the Raspberry Pi 3B) to the audio circuit and allow playback of digital audio signals via the 3 or 4 pole line jack (depending on model).

PWM0 is available on GPIO pins 12 (function 0), 18 (function 5), 40 (function 0) and 52 (function 1).

PWM1 is available on GPIO pins 13 (function 0), 19 (function 5), 41, 45 (function 0) and 53 (function 1).

On the Raspberry Pi A and B only pin 18 is exposed on the 26 pin header.

On the Raspberry Pi A+/B+/Zero/2B/3B pins 12, 18 and 19 are exposed on the 40 pin header.

BCM2708 GPIO Device

The GPIO has 54 pins available each with multiple alternate functions. All pins can be configured as input or output and all can have pull up or down applied.

Not all pins are exposed on the 26 or 40 pin header of the Raspberry Pi, for details of which pins are available see:

Raspberry Pi A and B - https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/usage/gpio/README.md

Raspberry Pi A+/B+/2B/3B/Zero - https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/usage/gpio-plus-and-raspi2/README.md

Some of the 54 pins are used for peripheral communication (such as the SD card) and are not available for general use,take care when changing function selects on pins to avoid disabling certain system peripherals.

Event detection can be enabled for both high and low levels as well as rising and falling edges, there is also an asynchronous rising or falling edge detection which can detect edges of very short duration.

BCM2708 UART0 Device

The UART0 device is an ARM PL011 UART which supports programmable baud rates, start, stop and parity bits and hardware flow control and many others. The UART0 is similar to the industry standard 16C650 but with a number of differences, the PL011 has a some optional features such as IrDA, Serial InfraRed and DMA which are not supported by the Broadcom implementation. In the standard configuration the UART0 TX and RX lines are connected to GPIO pins 14 and 15 respectively (Alternate function 0) but they can be remapped via GPIO function selects to a number of other locations. On the Raspberry Pi (all models) none of these alternate pin mappings are exposed via the 26 or 40 pin header and therefore cannot be used easily. This means that UART0 and UART1 cannot be used at the same time.

On the Raspberry Pi 3B the UART0 can be mapped to GPIO pins 32 and 33 (Alternate function 3) to communicate with the built in Bluetooth module.

BCM2708 UART1 Device

The UART1 device is a Broadcom implementation that is part of the AUX device which also includes the SPI1 and SPI2 devices. This device is termed a Mini UART and has a smaller feature set than the PL011 UART but still supports a fairly standard communication protocol with programmable baud rate and hardware flow control.

The Mini UART is similar to the standard 16550 device but is missing some of the features, the device also has no DMA support so high speed transfers will produce a higher CPU load. In the standard configuration the UART1 TX and RX lines are connected to GPIO pins 14 and 15 respectively (Alternate function 5) but they can be remapped via GPIO function selects to a number of other locations. On the Raspberry Pi (all models) none of these alternate pin mappings are exposed via the 26 or 40 pin header and therefore cannot be used easily. This means that UART0 and UART1 cannot be used at the same time.

On the Raspberry Pi 3B the UART1 can be mapped to GPIO pins 32 and 33 (Alternate function 5) to communicate with the built in Bluetooth module.

BCM2708 SDHCI Device

The SDHCI controller on the BCM2708 is an Arasan SD Host controller.

The Card Detect pin is connected to GPIO pin 47 (on the RPi Model A/B)(Not connected on the RPi Model A+/B+)

The Write Protect pin is not connected on any RPi model.

BCM2708 Clock Device

The clock device in the BCM2708 is based on the System Timer which is a 64 bit free running counter that runs at 1MHz regardless of core or CPU clock speeds.

The System Timer includes 4 compare registers which can each generate an interrupt when the compare value is matched, however 2 of the 4 are consumed by the GPU and on the Raspberry Pi A/B/A+/B+/Zero the other 2 are used for the scheduler and clock interrupts in Ultibo.

This device simply exposes the free running counter as a clock value and does not provide access to the timer compare functionality or to interrupt based events, for those see the timer devices below.

BCM2708 ARM Timer Device

The ARM Timer device in the BCM2708 is based on the ARM SP804 timer with some modifications and additions. In the Raspberry Pi it is connected to the core clock which by default is 250MHz but was increased to 400MHz on the Raspberry Pi 3B.

The divider is 10 bits wide which means that the ARM Timer can be set to clock rates of between 250KHz and 250MHz (or 400KHz to 400MHz on the Raspberry Pi 3B). Both the counter and the load/reload value are 32 bits wide by default giving a wide range of tick intervals.

The ARM Timer features a free running counter which is not enabled or used by this driver and a down counter which operates in wrapping mode so that each time it reaches 0 it triggers an interrupt and reloads the value ?rom a load or reload register to begin counting again.

Constants

To be documented

Type definitions

To be documented

Public variables

To be documented

Function declarations


Initialization functions 

procedure BCM2708Init;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented


BCM2708 SPI0 functions 

function BCM2708SPI0Start(SPI:PSPIDevice;Mode,ClockRate,ClockPhase,ClockPolarity:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708SPI0Stop(SPI:PSPIDevice):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708SPI0WriteRead(SPI:PSPIDevice; ChipSelect:Word; Source,Dest:Pointer; Size,Flags: LongWord; var Count:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708SPI0SetMode(SPI:PSPIDevice; Mode:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708SPI0SetClockRate(SPI:PSPIDevice; ChipSelect:Word; ClockRate:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708SPI0SetClockPhase(SPI:PSPIDevice; ClockPhase:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708SPI0SetClockPolarity(SPI:PSPIDevice; ClockPolarity:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708SPI0SetSelectPolarity(SPI:PSPIDevice; ChipSelect:Word; SelectPolarity:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


procedure BCM2708SPI0ReadFIFO(SPI:PBCM2708SPI0Device);
Description: Caller will hold the SPI device lock
Note Called ?rom within the interrupt handler 


procedure BCM2708SPI0WriteFIFO(SPI:PBCM2708SPI0Device);
Description: Caller will hold the SPI device lock
Note Called ?rom within the interrupt handler 


procedure BCM2708SPI0InterruptHandler(SPI:PBCM2708SPI0Device);
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


procedure BCM2708SPI0DMARequestCompleted(Request:PDMARequest);
Description: DMA Request completion callback for SPI0
Note None documented


BCM2708 BSCI2C (I2C0/1) functions 

function BCM2708BSCI2CStart(I2C:PI2CDevice; Rate:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708BSCI2CStop(I2C:PI2CDevice):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708BSCI2CRead(I2C:PI2CDevice; Address:Word; Buffer:Pointer; Size:LongWord; var Count:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708BSCI2CWrite(I2C:PI2CDevice; Address:Word; Buffer:Pointer; Size:LongWord; var Count:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708BSCI2CWriteRead(I2C:PI2CDevice; Address:Word; Initial:Pointer; Len:LongWord; Data:Pointer; Size:LongWord; var Count:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708BSCI2CWriteWrite(I2C:PI2CDevice; Address:Word; Initial:Pointer; Len:LongWord; Data:Pointer; Size:LongWord; var Count:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708BSCI2CSetRate(I2C:PI2CDevice; Rate:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708BSCI2CSetAddress(I2C:PI2CDevice; Address:Word):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


procedure BCM2708BSCI2CFillFIFO(I2C:PBCM2708BSCI2CDevice);
Description: Caller will hold the I2C device lock
Note Called ?rom within the interrupt handler 


procedure BCM2708BSCI2CDrainFIFO(I2C:PBCM2708BSCI2CDevice);
Description: Caller will hold the I2C device lock
Note Called ?rom within the interrupt handler 


procedure BCM2708BSCI2CInterruptHandler(IRQData:PBCM2708BSCI2CIRQData);
Description: To be documented
Note Thread submitting the current request will hold the I2C device lock


BCM2708 DMA functions 

function BCM2708DMAHostStart(DMA:PDMAHost):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708DMAHostStop(DMA:PDMAHost):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708DMAHostSubmit(DMA:PDMAHost; Request:PDMARequest):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708DMAHostCancel(DMA:PDMAHost; Request:PDMARequest):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


procedure BCM2708DMAInterruptHandler(Channel:PBCM2708DMAChannel);
Description: DMA Channels 0 to 10 each have a dedicated interrupt, this handler simply clears the interrupt and sends a completion on the associated channel
Note None documented 


procedure BCM2708DMASharedInterruptHandler(DMA:PBCM2708DMAHost);
Description: DMA Channels 11 to 14 share a common interrupt, this alternate handler determines which ones triggered the current interrupt and sends a completion on that channel
Note None documented 


procedure BCM2708DMARequestComplete(Channel:PBCM2708DMAChannel);
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708DMAPeripheralToDREQ(Peripheral:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


procedure BCM2708DMADataToControlBlock(Request:PDMARequest; Data:PDMAData; Block:PBCM2835DMAControlBlock; Bulk,Lite:Boolean);
Description: To be documented
Note None documented


BCM2708 PWM0/1 functions 

function BCM2708PWMStart(PWM:PPWMDevice):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708PWMStop(PWM:PPWMDevice):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708PWMWrite(PWM:PPWMDevice; Value:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708PWMSetGPIO(PWM:PPWMDevice; GPIO:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708PWMResetGPIO(PWM:PPWMDevice; GPIO:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708PWMSetMode(PWM:PPWMDevice; Mode:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708PWMSetRange(PWM:PPWMDevice; Range:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708PWMSetFrequency(PWM:PPWMDevice; Frequency:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708PWMSetPolarity(PWM:PPWMDevice; Polarity:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708PWMConfigure(PWM:PPWMDevice; DutyNS,PeriodNS:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708PWMClockStart(PWM:PPWMDevice; Frequency:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708PWMClockStop(PWM:PPWMDevice):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708PWMClockEnabled(PWM:PPWMDevice):Boolean;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented


BCM2708 GPIO functions 

function BCM2708GPIOStart(GPIO:PGPIODevice):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708GPIOStop(GPIO:PGPIODevice):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708GPIORead(GPIO:PGPIODevice;Reg:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


procedure BCM2708GPIOWrite(GPIO:PGPIODevice; Reg,Value:LongWord);
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708GPIOInputGet(GPIO:PGPIODevice; Pin:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708GPIOInputWait(GPIO:PGPIODevice; Pin,Trigger,Timeout:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708GPIOInputEvent(GPIO:PGPIODevice; Pin,Trigger,Flags,Timeout:LongWord; Callback:TGPIOCallback; Data:Pointer):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708GPIOInputCancel(GPIO:PGPIODevice; Pin:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708GPIOOutputSet(GPIO:PGPIODevice; Pin,Level:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708GPIOPullSelect(GPIO:PGPIODevice; Pin,Mode:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708GPIOFunctionGet(GPIO:PGPIODevice; Pin:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708GPIOFunctionSelect(GPIO:PGPIODevice; Pin,Mode:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


procedure BCM2708GPIOInterruptHandler(Bank:PBCM2708GPIOBank);
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


procedure BCM2708GPIOEventTrigger(Pin:PGPIOPin);
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


procedure BCM2708GPIOEventTimeout(Event:PGPIOEvent);
Description: To be documented
Note None documented


BCM2708 UART0 functions 

function BCM2708UART0Open(UART:PUARTDevice; BaudRate,DataBits,StopBits,Parity,FlowControl:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708UART0Close(UART:PUARTDevice):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708UART0Read(UART:PUARTDevice; Buffer:Pointer; Size,Flags:LongWord; var Count:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708UART0Write(UART:PUARTDevice; Buffer:Pointer; Size,Flags:LongWord; var Count:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708UART0Status(UART:PUARTDevice):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


procedure BCM2708UART0InterruptHandler(UART:PUARTDevice);
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


procedure BCM2708UART0Receive(UART:PUARTDevice);
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


procedure BCM2708UART0Transmit(UART:PUARTDevice);
Description: To be documented
Note None documented


BCM2708 SDHCI functions 

function BCM2708SDHCIHostStart(SDHCI:PSDHCIHost):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708SDHCIHostStop(SDHCI:PSDHCIHost):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708SDHCIHostReadByte(SDHCI:PSDHCIHost; Reg:LongWord):Byte;
Description: To be documented
Note The Broadcom document BCM2835-ARM-Peripherals page 66 states the following: Contrary to Arasans documentation the EMMC module registers can only be accessed as 32 bit registers, i.e. the two LSBs of the address are always zero. For this reason this code must simulate Byte and Word reads using LongWord reads. 


function BCM2708SDHCIHostReadWord(SDHCI:PSDHCIHost; Reg:LongWord):Word;
Description: To be documented
Note The Broadcom document BCM2835-ARM-Peripherals page 66 states the following: Contrary to Arasans documentation the EMMC module registers can only be accessed as 32 bit registers, i.e. the two LSBs of the address are always zero. For this reason this code must simulate Byte and Word reads using LongWord reads. 


function BCM2708SDHCIHostReadLong(SDHCI:PSDHCIHost; Reg:LongWord):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


procedure BCM2708SDHCIHostWriteByte(SDHCI:PSDHCIHost; Reg:LongWord; Value:Byte);
Description: To be documented
Note The Broadcom document BCM2835-ARM-Peripherals page 66 states the following: Contrary to Arasans documentation the EMMC module registers can only be accessed as 32 bit registers, i.e. the two LSBs of the address are always zero. For this reason this code must simulate Byte and Word writes using LongWord writes. 


procedure BCM2708SDHCIHostWriteWord(SDHCI:PSDHCIHost; Reg:LongWord; Value:Word);
Description: To be documented
Note The Broadcom document BCM2835-ARM-Peripherals page 66 states the following: Contrary to Arasans documentation the EMMC module registers can only be accessed as 32 bit registers, i.e. the two LSBs of the address are always zero. For this reason this code must simulate Byte and Word writes using LongWord writes. 


procedure BCM2708SDHCIHostWriteLong(SDHCI:PSDHCIHost; Reg:LongWord; Value:LongWord);
Description: To be documented
Note The source code of U-Boot and Linux kernel drivers have this comment The Arasan has a bugette whereby it may lose the content of successive writes to registers that are within two SD-card clock cycles of each other (a clock domain crossing problem). It seems, however, that the data register does not have this problem. (Which is just as well - otherwise we'd have to nobble the DMA engine too) For this reason this code must delay after each write to the registers. 


procedure BCM2708SDHCIInterruptHandler(SDHCI:PSDHCIHost);
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708SDHCISetupInterrupts(SDHCI:PSDHCIHost):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708MMCDeviceGetCardDetect(MMC:PMMCDevice):LongWord;
Description: Implementation of MMC GetCardDetect for the BCM2708 which does not update the bits in the SDHCI_PRESENT_STATE register to reflect card insertion or removal
Note None documented


BCM2708 clock functions 

function BCM2708ClockRead(Clock:PClockDevice):LongWord;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented 


function BCM2708ClockRead64(Clock:PClockDevice):Int64;
Description: To be documented
Note None documented


BCM2708 ARM timer functions 

function BCM2708ARMTimerStart(Timer:PTimerDevice):LongWord;
Description: Implementation of TimerDeviceStart API for ARM Timer
Note Not intended to be called directly by applications, use TimerDeviceStart instead 


function BCM2708ARMTimerStop(Timer:PTimerDevice):LongWord;
Description: Implementation of TimerDeviceStop API for ARM Timer
Note Not intended to be called directly by applications, use TimerDeviceStop instead 


function BCM2708ARMTimerRead64(Timer:PTimerDevice):Int64;
Description: Implementation of TimerDeviceRead64 API for ARM Timer
Note Not intended to be called directly by applications, use TimerDeviceRead64 instead


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